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Detail given to someone without the expectation of annihilation in return

A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment or annihilation in render. An item is not a gift if that item is already owned by the one to whom information technology is given. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is meant to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, appurtenances, etc. may sustain social relations and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension the term souvenir tin refer to whatever item or deed of service that makes the other happier or less lamentable, peculiarly as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are as well starting time and foremost presented on occasions such as birthdays and holidays.

Presentation [edit]

In many cultures gifts are traditionally packaged in some way. For example, in Western cultures, gifts are oftentimes wrapped in wrapping paper and accompanied by a gift note which may annotation the occasion, the recipient's proper noun and the giver's name. In Chinese culture, red wrapping connotes luck. Although inexpensive gifts are common amongst colleagues, associates and acquaintances, expensive or amorous gifts are considered more appropriate amid close friends, romantic interests or relatives.^[one]

Gift-giving occasions [edit]

Gift-giving occasions may be:

• An expression of dear or friendship
• An expression of gratitude for a souvenir received.
• An expression of piety, in the form of charity.
• An expression of solidarity, in the form of mutual aid.
• To share wealth.
• To offset misfortune.
• Offering travel souvenirs.
• Custom, on occasions (often celebrations) such equally
  • A altogether (the person who has his or her altogether gives cake, etc. and/or receives gifts).
  • A potlatch, in societies where status is associated with gift-giving rather than conquering.
  • Christmas (throughout the history of Christmas gift giving, people have given one another gifts, oft pretending they are left by Santa Claus, the Christ Child or Saint Nicholas).
  • Feast of Saint Nicholas (people give each other gifts, frequently supposedly receiving them from Saint Nicholas).
  • Easter baskets with chocolate eggs, jelly beans, and chocolate rabbits are gifts given on Easter.
  • Greek Orthodox Christians in Greece, will requite gifts to family and friends on the Feast of Saint Basil.
  • Muslims requite gifts to family unit and friends, known as Eidi, on Eid al-Fitr (the cease of Ramadan) and on Eid al-Adha.
  • American Jews requite Hanukkah gifts to family unit and friends.
  • Hindus give Diwali and Pongal gifts to family and friends. Rakhi or Raksha Bandhan is another occasion where brothers requite gifts to sisters.
  • Buddhists give Vesak gifts to family unit and friends.
  • Gifts are given to amid African American families and friends on Kwanzaa.
  • A nuptials (the couple receives gifts and gives food and/or drinks at the wedding reception).
  • A hymeneals ceremony (each spouse receives gifts).
  • A funeral (visitors bring flowers, the relatives of the deceased requite food and/or drinks after the ceremonial part).
  • A birth (the infant receives gifts, or the mother receives a gift from the father known as a push present).
  • Passing an examination (the student receives gifts).
  • Father's Day (the begetter receives gifts).
  • Mother'south Day (the mother receives gifts).
  • Siblings Twenty-four hour period (the sibling receives gifts)
  • Commutation of gifts between a guest and a host, oft a traditional exercise.
  • Lagniappe
  • Retirement Gifts
  • Congratulations Gifts
  • Appointment Gifts
  • Housewarming party Gifts
  • women'due south twenty-four hours Gifts
  • Valentine's Day

Promotional gifts [edit]

Promotional gifts vary from the normal gifts. The recipients of the gifts may be either employee of a company or the clients.^[2] Promotional gifts are mainly used for advertisement purposes. They are used to promote the brand proper name and increase its awareness amongst the people. In promotional gifting procedures, the quality and presentation of the gifts agree more than value than the gifts itself since it will act every bit a gateway to acquire new clients or associates.

As reinforcement and manipulation [edit]

Giving a gift to someone is not necessarily merely an altruistic human action. It may be given in the hope that the receiver reciprocates in a particular manner. It may take the form of positive reinforcement as a reward for compliance, possibly for an underhand manipulative and abusive purpose.^[3]

Unwanted gifts [edit]

A significant fraction of gifts are unwanted, or the giver pays more for the particular than the recipient values it, resulting in a misallocation of economic resources known every bit a deadweight loss. Unwanted gifts are often "regifted", donated to charity, or thrown away.^[four] A gift that actually imposes a brunt on the recipient, either due to maintenance or storage or disposal costs, is known every bit a white elephant.

1 cause of the mismatch between the giver's and receiver's view is that the giver is focused on the act of giving the gift, while the receiver is more interested in the long-term utilitarian value of the gift.^[5] For case, many receivers prefer a future experience instead of an object, or a practical souvenir that they have requested over a more expensive, showier gift called past the giver.^[5]

1 means of reducing the mismatch between the buyer and receivers' tastes is advance coordination, often undertaken in the form of a nuptials registry or Christmas list. Wedding registries in item are frequently kept at a single shop, which tin can designate the exact items to be purchased (resulting in matching housewares), and to coordinate purchases so the same souvenir is not purchased by unlike guests. 1 written report found that nuptials guests who departed from the registry typically did so because they wished to signal a closer human relationship to the couple by personalizing a gift, and also plant that as a issue of not abiding past the recipients' preferences, their gifts were appreciated less frequently.^[6]

An estimated $3.4 billion was spent on unwanted Christmas gifts in the United States in 2017.^[7] The day after Christmas is typically the busiest day for returns in countries with big Christmas gift giving traditions.^{[vii] [8]} The total unredeemed value of gift cards purchased in the U.S. each year is estimated to be almost a billion dollars.^[four]

Legal aspects [edit]

At common constabulary, for a souvenir to have legal effect, it was required that there be (1) intent by the donor to give a souvenir, and (two) commitment to the recipient of the item to exist given every bit a gift.

In some countries, sure types of gifts in a higher place a certain monetary amount are bailiwick to taxation. For the United States, run across Gift tax in the United states of america.

In some contexts, gift giving can be construed as bribery. This tends to occur in situations where the gift is given with an implicit or explicit agreement betwixt the giver of the souvenir and its receiver that some type of service will be rendered (ofttimes outside of normal legitimate methods) considering of the gift. Some groups, such as authorities workers, may have strict rules apropos gift giving and receiving and so as to avert the appearance of impropriety.^[nine]

Cross border budgetary gifts are bailiwick to taxation in both source and destination countries based on the treaty between the two countries.

Religious views [edit]

Lewis Hyde claims in The Souvenir that Christianity considers the Incarnation and subsequent expiry of Jesus to be the greatest souvenir to humankind, and that the Jataka contains a tale of the Buddha in his incarnation as the Wise Hare giving the ultimate alms by offering himself upwards as a meal for Sakka. (Hyde, 1983, 58-60)

In the Eastern Orthodox Church building, the staff of life and wine that are consecrated during the Divine Liturgy are referred to as "the Gifts." They are first of all the gifts of the community (both individually and corporately) to God, and and so, afterwards the epiklesis, the Gifts of the Body and Blood of Christ to the Church.

Ritual sacrifices tin be seen as return gifts to a deity.

Run across besides [edit]

• Alms
• Altruism
• Amende
• Clemency (practice)
• Christmas gift
• Debt relief
• Diplomatic souvenir
• Souvenir economy
• Gift (law)
• Gift revenue enhancement
• Gift wrapping
• Giving circles
• Light-green gifting
• Omiyage
• Pasalubong
• Random act of kindness
• Ruby packet
• Regiving
• Xenia (Greek)

References [edit]

1. ^ Brigham, John Carl (1986). Social Psychology. p. 322.
2. ^ "3 Pro Tips To Choose The Perfect Corporate Gift For Your Clients". EdibleBlooms. Dean Lindley. Retrieved March xiii, 2020.
3. ^ Braiker, Harriet B. (2004). Who'south Pulling Your Strings ? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation. ISBN978-0-07-144672-3.
4. ^ ^{a b} Lee, Timothy B. (December 21, 2016). "The economic case confronting Christmas presents". Phonation . Retrieved December five, 2017.
5. ^ ^{a b} Galak, Jeff; Givi, Julian; Williams, Elanor F. (December 2016). "Why Certain Gifts Are Nifty to Requite just Not to Go: A Framework for Understanding Errors in Gift Giving". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 25 (6): 380–385. doi:ten.1177/0963721416656937. ISSN 0963-7214.
6. ^ Mendoza, Nohely (December 26, 2017). "New Study Explores Psychology Of Giving Wedding Gifts". Nexstar Broadcasting. Waco, Texas.
7. ^ ^{a b} Mendoza, Nohely. "Biggest return day of the year". Nexstar Broadcasting. Waco, Texas. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
8. ^ Musaddique, Shafi (January 2, 2018). "Unwanted Christmas presents ready to rise on busiest day of the year for returns". The Contained . Retrieved September xix, 2018.
9. ^ "Gifts and Payments". Washington, D.C.: United states Office of Government Ethics. Archived from the original on September 15, 2020. Retrieved September 19, 2018.

Farther reading [edit]

• Marcel Mauss and W.D. Halls, Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Primitive Societies, W. W. Norton, 2000, trade paperback, ISBN 0-393-32043-X
• Lewis Hyde: The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property, 1983 (ISBN 0-394-71519-5), especially office I, "A Theory of Gifts", office of which was originally published as "The Gift Must Always Move" in Co-Evolution Quarterly No. 35, Fall 1982.
• Jean-Luc Marion translated by Jeffrey L. Kosky, "Beingness Given: Toward a Phenomenology of Giveness", Stanford University Press, 2002 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior Academy, (cloth : alk. newspaper) ISBN 0-8047-3410-0.
• Suzie Gibson: "Give and take: the anxiety of souvenir giving at Christmas," The Conversation, 16 December 2014.
• (in French) Alain Testart, Critique du don : Études sur la apportionment not marchande, Paris, Collection Matériologique, éd. Syllepse, 268 p., 2007
• Review of the "World of the Gift"
• Antón, C., Camarero, C. and Gil, F. (2014), The culture of gift giving: What do consumers expect from commercial and personal contexts? Periodical of Consumer Behaviour, xiii: 31–41. doi: 10.1002/cb.1452

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift

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